H

where do you want to Holiday??
there are a few question in my head if some one ask this question.
if there aquestion like that there are a few things that we must to think.
1) money that we have?
2) place that we never visit before
3) ask recomendation from our friends or visit blog in internet about the place
4) kind the place that we want: beach, disneyland or what..
5)when that we aant to go..

3G / UMTS Means

3G

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the enormous costs of additional spectrum licensing fees. In many parts of the world 3G networks do not use the same radio frequencies as 2G, requiring mobile operators to build entirely new networks and license entirely new frequencies; a notable exception is the United States where carriers operate 3G service in the same frequencies as other services. The license fees in some European countries were particularly high, bolstered by initial excitement over 3G's potential. Other delays were as a result of the expenses related to upgrading equipment for the new systems.

The first country that introduced 3G on a large commercial scale was Japan. In 2005, about 40% of subscribers used 3G networks only, with 2G being on the way out. It was expected that the transition from 2G to 3G would be largely completed during 2006, and upgrades to the next 3.5G stage with 3 Mbit/s data rates were under way.

The successful 3G introduction in Japan showed that video telephony was not the killer application for 3G networks after all. The real-life usage of video telephony on 3G networks was found to be a small fraction of all services. On the other hand, downloading of music found strong acceptance by customers. Music download services in Japan were pioneered by KDDI with the EZchakuuta and Chaku Uta Full services.

3G networks are not IEEE 802.11 networks. IEEE 802.11 networks are short range, higher-bandwidth (primarily) data networks, while 3G networks are wide area cellular telephone networks which evolved to incorporate high-speed internet access and video telephony.

BaCkground

In 2001, NTT DoCoMo—one of the giant telecommunication companies in Japan—was the first telecommunication company to launch a commercial W-CDMA network. The introduction of 3G services within Europe began in early 2003.

The official 3G mobile network is the systems and services based on the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) family of standards under the International Mobile Telecommunications programme, "IMT-2000". A boost was given to 3G mobile networks in Europe when the European Union council suggested that the 3G operators should cover 80% of the European national populations by the end of 2005. The first service of 3G in north Africa started in Morocco late of March provided by the new company, Wana. The other operator should start their network in the middle of 2007. Vodafone Egypt (also known as CLICK GSM) will provide the service in Egypt in the middle of 2006. Early 2007, Vodacom Tanzania switched on its 3G HSDPA in Dar ea salaam. With the installation of a 3G HSDPA network, Tanzania is only the second country in Africa with such technology, the first being South Africa. In March 2007, Nigeria awarded 3G telecommunication licenses to the nation's three major GSM companies and a relatively unknown operator, Alheri Engineering Co. Ltd, to enable them to expand their scope of operation in the industry. Canada does not have a true implementation of 3G standards as of 2007. The Canadian Government is currently holding hearings on the matter with the intention of allowing more spectrum for its deployment.

Features

The most significant feature offered by third generation (3G) mobile technologies is the capacity to support greater numbers of voice and data customers — especially in urban centres — as well as higher data rates at lower incremental cost than 2G.

By using the radio spectrum in bands identified, which is provided by the ITU for Third Generation IMT-2000 mobile services, it subsequently licensed to operators. 3G uses 5 MHz channel carrier width to deliver significantly higher data rates and increased capacity compared with 2G networks.

The 5 MHz channel carrier provides optimum use of radio resources for operators who have been granted large, contiguous blocks of spectrum. On the other hand, it also helps to reduce the cost to 3G networks while being capable of providing extremely high-speed data transmission to users.

It also allows the transmission of 384kbps for mobile systems and 2Mbps for stationary systems. 3G users are expected to have greater capacity and improved spectrum efficiency, which will allow them to access global roaming between different 3G

Standard 3G

International Telecommunications Unit (ITU): IMT-2000 consists of six radio interfaces

• W-CDMA
• CDMA2000
• CDMA2001
• TD-CDMA / TD-SCDMA
• UWC-136 (often implemented with EDGE)
• DECT

To meet Wikipedia's quality standards, this section may require cleanup.
Please discuss this issue on the talk page, and/or replace this tag with a more specific message. Editing help is available.
This section has been tagged since April 2007.

Evolution to 3G

The Evolution to 3G describes the updating of cellular mobile telecommunications networks around the world to use new 3G technologies. This process is taking place over the period 1999 to 2010. Japan is the first country having introduced 3G nationally, and in Japan the transition to 3G has been largely completed during 2005/2006. 3G technologies enable network operators to offer users a wider range of more advanced services while achieving greater network capacity through improved spectral efficiency.

[edit] Operators and UMTS networks

As of 2005, the evolution of the 3G networks was on its way for a couple of years. The main reason for these changes are basically the limited capacity of the existing 2G networks. The second generation of networks were built mainly for telephone calls and slow data transmission. Due to the rapid changes in technology, these factors do not meet the requirements of today's wireless revolution. The developments of so-called "2.5G" (or even 2.75G) technologies such as i-mode data services, camera phones, HSCSD and GPRS have been ways of bridging the oncoming change to 3G networks, but are not permanent solutions. They are merely stepping stones towards the new technology. These stepping stones were built to introduce the possibilities with the future wireless application technology to the end consumers. These procedures are necessary to ensure that the operators and the infrastructure itself have a healthy ground to operate on.

The evolution of networks from the second generation of technologies to the third generation technologies could not be done without the help of network operators. In 2005 there were about 23 networks worldwide that operated on 3G technologies, the most advanced being KDDI in Japan. Some of these networks were only for test use but some were already in consumer based use.

Network operators have invested huge amounts of money into existing 2G networks. These networks have been around only for 10-15 years, and the investments made have not all paid off. Network operators need to find out ways of reusing their investments to build the 3G network. Because of the financial situation of the world, network operators do not necessarily have new resources to invest in the future. They must recycle the old ones first.

Another thing network operators need to understand is that their roles are changing dramatically. They are becoming not only network providers, but also service providers. Network operators need to differentiate themselves in the markets, and one way is to concentrate on the content of the service and products. It is widely believed that the markets will consist of content oriented service providers, since 3G technology allows anyone willing to build software and sell it directly to end consumers. Thus network operators need to adapt to this change too.

2G to 3G Network standardisation

The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) has defined the demands for third generation mobile networks with the IMT-2000 standard. An organisation called 3GPP has continued that work by defining a mobile system that fulfils the IMT-2000 standard. This system is called Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). The evolution of the system will move forward with so called releases. In each release new features will be introduced. The following features are just examples of many others in these new releases.

Release '99

• Bearer services
• 64 kbit/s circuit switched
• 384 kbit/s packet switched
• Location services
• Call services: GSM-compatible, USIM-based

Release 4

• Edge radio
• Multimedia messaging
• MeXe levels
• Improved location services
• IP Multimedia Services (IMS)

[Release 5

• IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS)
• IPv6, IP transport in UTRAN
• Improvements in GERAN, Mexe, etc
• HSDPA

Release 6

• WLAN integration
• Multimedia broadcast and multicast
• Improvements in IMS
• HSUPA

There are several different paths from 2G to 3G. In Europe the main path starts from GSM when GPRS is added to a system. From this point it is possible to go to the UMTS system. In North America the system evolution will start from TDMA going to EDGE and from there to UMTS.

In Japan, there are two 3G standards used: W-CDMA (which is compatible with UMTS) by NTT DoCoMo, Vodafone KK, and by new entrants, and cdma2000 which is very successfully used by KDDI. Transition to 3G is being largely completed in Japan during 2005/2006.

Layered Network Architecture Advantages

The UMTS system is based on layered services, unlike GSM. On the top there is the services layer, which will give advantages like fast deployment of services and centralized location. In the middle there is the control layer, which will help upgrading procedures and allow the capacity of the network to be dynamically allocated. On the bottom is the connectivity layer where any transmission technology can be used and the voice traffic will transfer over ATM/AAL2 or IP/RTP.

Mobile technologies

The first new technology when going from GSM towards UMTS is General Packet Radio Service (GPRS). It is the trigger to 3G services. The main point is that the network connection is always on, so the subscriber is online all the time. From the operator's point of view, it is important that GPRS investments are re-used when going to UMTS. Also capitalizing on GPRS business experience is very important.

From GPRS, operators could go directly to UMTS, but they could also invest in an EDGE system. One advantage of EDGE is that there is no new licence needed as in UMTS. The frequencies will also be re-used and no new antennas are needed. The main issue is that subscribers will have to buy new EDGE terminals.

From GPRS to UMTS

The key point when going to UMTS is the use of the existing mobile network. From GSM core network side, the following network elements are reused:

• MSC (Mobile switching centre) (vendor dependent)
• AUC (Authentication centre)
• HLR (Home location register)
• VLR (Visitor location register)
• EIR (Equipment identity register)

From GPRS network, the following network elements will be reused:

• SGSN (Serving GPRS Support Node) (vendor dependent)
• GGSN (Gateway GPRS Support Node)

From GSM radio network, the following network elements can NOT be reused. Note, however they can remain in the network and be used in dual network operation where 2G and 3G networks co-exist while network migration and new 3G terminals become available for use in the network.

• BSC (base station controller)
• BTS (base transceiver station)

The UMTS network introduces new network elements that give functionality as given in the 3GPP specifications:

• Node-B (base station)
• RNC (Radio Network Controller)
• MGW (Media Gateway)

The functionality of MSC and SGSN changes when going to UMTS. In a GSM system the MSC handles all the circuit switched operations like connecting A- and B-subscriber through the network. SGSN handles all the packet switched operations and transfers all the data in the network. In UMTS the MGW (Media gateway) will take care of all data transfer in both, circuit and packet switched networks. MSC and SGSN will act as "brains" of the system and they will control MGW operations. The name of the nodes will change into MSC-server and GSN-server.

[edit] Future network

When UMTS networks are in commercial use and users utilise the services, the capacity given by UMTS will need to be tested to ensure its sufficiency. Increasing WLAN capacity could be one potential cost-efficient solution, another being integration with UMTS. When so called "hot services" are found in UMTS, areas of demand for the network should be analysed for post-UMTS development, as it is hard to estimate which areas will experience the most demand.

UMTS, 3G Terminals

3G handsets usually include cameras, music players, video players, contactless smartcards for payment functions (wallet phones), web browsers, email clients and more. This shows that UMTS system is based on layered services and future applications can be supported without too much impact to the underlying radio access network.

UMTS Terminals - The future

The future of UMTS terminals sees a change coming. So far the UMTS technology in Europe has primarily been used in very similar terminals as the GSM technology. The UMTS terminals have been very closely linked with GSM phones in Europe. This factor is now slowly starting to change - and has not been the case in Japan and South Korea, where 3G introduction is several years ahead of Europe.

Issues

Even though 3G has successfully been introduced to European , Asian and North Africa mobile users, there are some issues that are debated by 3G providers and users:

• High input fees for the 3G service licenses
• Great differences in the licensing terms
• Current high debt of many telecommunication companies, making it more of a challenge to build the necessary infrastructure for 3G
• Member State support to the financially troubled operators
• Health aspects of the effects of electromagnetic waves
• Expense of 3G phones
• Lack of 2G mobile user buy-in for 3G wireless service
• Lack of coverage because it is still new service
• High prices of 3G mobile services in some countries, including Internet access (see flat rate)

2G Means

2G (or 2-G) is short for second-generation wireless telephone technology.

The main differentiator to previous mobile telephone systems, retrospectively dubbed 1G, is that the radio signals that 1G networks use are analog, while 2G networks are digital. Note that both systems use digital signaling to connect the radio towers (which listen to the handsets) to the rest of the telephone system.

2G technologies

2G technologies can be divided into TDMA-based and CDMA-based standards depending on the type of multiplexing used. The main 2G standards are:

• GSM (TDMA-based), originally from Europe but used worldwide (Time Division Multiple Access)
• iDEN (TDMA-based), proprietary network used by Nextel in the United States and Telus Mobility in Canada
• IS-136 aka D-AMPS, (TDMA-based, commonly referred as simply TDMA in the US), used in the Americas
• IS-95 aka cdmaOne, (CDMA-based, commonly referred as simply CDMA in the US), used in the Americas and parts of Asia
• PDC (TDMA-based), used exclusively in Japan

2G services are frequently referred as Personal Communications Service, or PCS, in the United States.

2.5G services enable high-speed data transfer over upgraded existing 2G networks. Beyond 2G, there's 3G, with higher data speeds, and 4G, with even higher data speeds, to enable new services for subscribers, such as picture messaging and video telephony.

Capacities, advantages, and disadvantages

Capacity

Using digital signals between the handsets and the towers increases system capacity in two key ways:

• Digital voice data can be compressed and multiplexed much more effectively than analog voice encodings through the use of various CODECs, allowing more calls to be packed into the same amount of radio bandwidth.
• The digital systems were designed to emit less radio power from the handsets. This meant that cells could be smaller, so more cells could be placed in the same amount of space. This was also made possible by cell towers and related equipment getting less expensive.

Advantages

Digital systems were embraced by consumers for several reasons.

• The lower powered radio signals require less battery power, so phones last much longer between charges, and batteries can be smaller.
• The digital voice encoding allowed digital error checking which could increase sound quality by reducing dynamic and lowering the noise floor.
• The lower power emissions helped address health concerns.
• Going all-digital allowed for the introduction of digital data services, such as SMS and email.

A key digital advantage not often mentioned is that digital cellular calls are much harder to eavesdrop on by use of radio scanners. While the security algorithms used have proved to not be as secure as initially advertised, 2G phones are immensely more private than 1G phones, which have no protection whatsoever against eavesdropping.

Disadvantages

The downsides of 2G systems, not often well publicized, are:

• In less populous areas, the weaker digital signal will not be sufficient to reach a cell tower.
• Analog has a smooth decay curve, digital a jagged steppy one. This can be both an advantage and a disadvantage. Under good conditions, digital will sound better. Under slightly worse conditions, analog will experience static, while digital has occasional dropouts. As conditions worsen, though, digital will start to completely fail, by dropping calls or being unintelligible, while analog slowly gets worse, generally holding a call longer and allowing at least a few words to get through.
• Despite the coverage maps provided by major phone companies, as of 2006 digital coverage in many areas is spotty at best.
• With analog systems it was possible to have two or more "cloned" handsets that had the same phone number. This was widely abused for fraudulent purposes. It was, however, of great advantage in many legitimate situations. One could have a backup handset in case of damage or loss, a permanently installed handset in a car or remote workshop, and so on. With digital systems, this is no longer possible.
• While digital calls tend to be free of static and background noise, the lossy compression used by the CODECs takes a toll; the range of sound that they convey is reduced. You'll hear less of the tonality of someone's voice talking on a digital cellphone, but you will hear it more clearly.

Telecommunication

Wireless communication, despite the hype of the popular press, is a field
that has been around for over a hundred years, starting around 1897 with
Marconi’s successful demonstrations of wireless telegraphy. By 1901, radio
reception across the Atlantic Ocean had been established; thus, rapid progress
in technology has also been around for quite a while. In the intervening
hundred years, many types of wireless systems have flourished, and often
later disappeared. For example, television transmission, in its early days, was
broadcast by wireless radio transmitters, which are increasingly being replaced
by cable transmission. Similarly, the point-to-point microwave circuits that
formed the backbone of the telephone network are being replaced by optical
fiber. In the first example, wireless technology became outdated when a wired
distribution network was installed; in the second, a new wired technology
(optical fiber) replaced the older technology. The opposite type of example is
occurring today in telephony, where wireless (cellular) technology is partially
replacing the use of the wired telephone network (particularly in parts of
the world where the wired network is not well developed). The point of
these examples is that there are many situations in which there is a choice
between wireless and wire technologies, and the choice often changes when
new technologies become available.
In this book, we will concentrate on cellular networks, both because they are
of great current interest and also because the features of many other wireless
systems can be easily understood as special cases or simple generalizations
of the features of cellular networks. A cellular network consists of a large
number of wireless subscribers who have cellular telephones (users), that can
be used in cars, in buildings, on the street, or almost anywhere. There are
also a number of fixed base-stations, arranged to provide coverage of the
subscribers.
The area covered by a base-station, i.e., the area from which incoming
calls reach that base-station, is called a cell. One often pictures a cell as
a hexagonal region with the base-station in the middle. One then pictures
a city or region as being broken up into a hexagonal lattice of cells (see
Figure 1.1a). In reality, the base-stations are placed somewhat irregularly,
depending on the location of places such as building tops or hill tops that
have good communication coverage and that can be leased or bought (see
Figure 1.1b). Similarly, mobile users connected to a base-station are chosen
by good communication paths rather than geographic distance.
When a user makes a call, it is connected to the base-station to which it
appears to have the best path (often but not always the closest base-station).
The base-stations in a given area are then connected to a mobile telephone
switching office (MTSO, also called a mobile switching center MSC) by highspeed
wire connections or microwave links. The MTSO is connected to the
public wired telephone network. Thus an incoming call from a mobile user
is first connected to a base-station and from there to the MTSO and then to
the wired network. From there the call goes to its destination, which might
be an ordinary wire line telephone, or might be another mobile subscriber.
Thus, we see that a cellular network is not an independent network, but rather
an appendage to the wired network. The MTSO also plays a major role in
coordinating which base-station will handle a call to or from a user and when
to handoff a user from one base-station to another.
When another user (either wired or wireless) places a call to a given user, the
reverse process takes place. First the MTSO for the called subscriber is found,
then the closest base-station is found, and finally the call is set up through
the MTSO and the base-station. The wireless link from a base-station to the
mobile users is interchangeably called the downlink or the forward channel,
and the link from the users to a base-station is called the uplink or a reverse
channel. There are usually many users connected to a single base-station,
and thus, for the downlink channel, the base-station must multiplex together
the signals to the various connected users and then broadcast one waveform
from which each user can extract its own signal. For the uplink channel, each
user connected to a given base-station transmits its own waveform, and the
base-station receives the sum of the waveforms from the various users plus
noise. The base-station must then separate out the signals from each user and
forward these signals to the MTSO.
Older cellular systems, such as the AMPS (advanced mobile phone service)
system developed in the USA in the eighties, are analog. That is, a voice
waveform is modulated on a carrier and transmitted without being transformed
into a digital stream. Different users in the same cell are assigned
different modulation frequencies, and adjacent cells use different sets of frequencies.
Cells sufficiently far away from each other can reuse the same set
of frequencies with little danger of interference.
Second-generation cellular systems are digital. One is the GSM (global
system for mobile communication) system, which was standardized in Europe
but now used worldwide, another is the TDMA (time-division multiple access)
standard developed in the USA (IS-136), and a third is CDMA (code division
multiple access) (IS-95). Since these cellular systems, and their standards,
were originally developed for telephony, the current data rates and delays
in cellular systems are essentially determined by voice requirements. Thirdgeneration
cellular systems are designed to handle data and/or voice. While
some of the third-generation systems are essentially evolution of secondgeneration
voice systems, others are designed from scratch to cater for the
specific characteristics of data. In addition to a requirement for higher rates,
data applications have two features that distinguish them from voice:
• Many data applications are extremely bursty; users may remain inactive
for long periods of time but have very high demands for short periods of
time. Voice applications, in contrast, have a fixed-rate demand over long
periods of time.
• Voice has a relatively tight latency requirement of the order of 100 ms.
Data applications have a wide range of latency requirements; real-time
applications, such as gaming, may have even tighter delay requirements
than voice, while many others, such as http file transfers, have a much
laxer requirement.

3 Challenges

treasure, throne and wanita…this is 3 challenge to every person in this is world…terkadang we are lost in because treasure, haughty because throne, and lose he because woman but rather than we must ngejauhin, actually 3 things this is that must we GET… chase here the purpose get baik…. why? ? coz because 3 this matters is human soes has enthusiasm external (outdoor internal, about heaven, paradise and hell)…so this must be reachesed best between baik…tp remember 3 this matters sebener datng kalo we then will try our ability capacity increase and out for will be human most rewarding for person lain…. and honestly to every man practically from 3 this matters is matter IS WOMAN is thedifficultest, usually this matter leaders weakness. . example when does japanese want to enter keindonesia in order brother karno. . brother karno loud laugh averses but with goddess weapon soekarno crushed also hatinya…actually turned keperkasaan president soeharto permanent the pilot is mother tien soeharto……so watch out guys

3 A key of success

this 3A Will be somebody authorized capital to be person "Big"….
first A is acceptable, how to so that we are dpt accepted by various society
element with character heterogen…or our attitude
second A is asset, asset this not 2 things matter but capacity in our self. .
there 3 matters that represent asset: belied, science and charity
the third A is access, access this how many we associate to /have link towards
person 2 great. . coz uliginous human depends on environment . water
if reside in in gutter smell and can not. . but
if reside in glass so mean water clean and drinkable. . and so it is with
human that depend on their environment presents. .
ok enough for this is time bye
and wskm

2 Things

there 2 matters that must we remember that is our error and person kindness
but,
there 2 matters that must we forget that is our kindness and person error
Do you Agree ?

What NAVIS HIDAYAT Means

You are very intuitive and wise. You understand the world better than most people.
You also have a very active imagination. You often get carried away with your thoughts.
You are prone to a little paranoia and jealousy. You sometimes go overboard in interpreting signals.

You are usually the best at everything … you strive for perfection.
You are confident, authoritative, and aggressive.
You have the classic "Type A" personality.

You are very hyper. You never slow down, even when it’s killing you.
You’re the type of person who can be a workaholic during the day… and still have the energy to party all night.
Your energy is definitely a magnet for those around you. People are addicted to your vibe.

You tend to be pretty tightly wound. It’s easy to get you excited… which can be a good or bad thing.
You have a lot of enthusiasm, but it fades rather quickly. You don’t stick with any one thing for very long.
You have the drive to accomplish a lot in a short amount of time. Your biggest problem is making sure you finish the projects you start.

You are the total package - suave, sexy, smart, and strong.
You have the whole world under your spell, and you can influence almost everyone you know.
You don’t always resist your urges to crush the weak. Just remember, they don’t have as much going for them as you do.

You are truly an original person. You have amazing ideas, and the power to carry them out.
Success comes rather easily for you… especially in business and academia.
Some people find you to be selfish and a bit overbearing. You’re a strong person.

Next President Of Indonesia From Military

1)wiranto (born at single, 4 aprils 1947; age 61 year [1) a indonesia politicians.

wiranto hold a position commander tni period 1998-1999. the father, rs
wirowijoto a schoolteacher base, and the mother nameds suwarsijah. in age a
month, wiranto brought to move by the old person to surakarta dutch
aggression consequence that assaults city yogyakarta. at surakarta here's he is
then go to school up to finish junior high school.
military career

the name melejit after be adc president suharto year 1987-1991. after as president adjutant, military career wiranto more rise when come up as kasdam glorious, pangdam glorious, pangkostrad, and ksad.

as free as ksad, he is indicated president soeharto be pangab (now commander tni) in march 1998. during the period happen national leadership tip of a leaf change. the position very strategic laid it as one of [the] key player with vice president b. j. habibie. he is permanent is defended as pangab at president era habibie.

civil career

permanent the career shines after abdurrahman one (gus dur) come up as president fourth indonesia. he is trusted as policies coordinator minister and security, although then deactivated and postpone self. in 26 augusts 2003, he launches autobiography book with title testifies in the middle of storm.

after memenangi functional group party convention on functional group party head leader ir. lofty tandjung, he is melaju as president candidate in 2004. with vice president candidate pair salahuddin one, chock the step in first round because occupieds sequence third in president general election 2004.

menyosong election 2009

in 21 decembers 2006, he is mendeklarasi people conscience party (party hanura) and come up as party head leader. party declaration is done at hotel kartika chandra, jakarta and attended thousands person from various circle. former president abdurrahman one, former functional group party head leader ir lofty tandjung, former vice president try sutrisno, prosperous justice party chairman tifatul sembiring, former staff head tni army ryamizard ryacudu, former economics minister kwik more gie, and functional group party senior figure oetojo oesman attends the party opening.

also attended amount of board, that is former general lieutenant functional group party secretary-general tni (ret) ary mardjono, former central java governor ismail, former woman enableness minister dr hj. tuty alawiyah axis, yus usman sumanegara, former admiral navy staff head tni (ret) bernard kent sondakh, former staff head tni general army tni (ret) subagyo hs, former commander deputy indonesian armed forces general tni (ret) h. fachrul razi, former police head ri policeman general (ret) chaeruddin ismail, marsda tni (ret) budhi santoso, general lieutenant (ret) suadi marasabessy, major general tni (ret) aspar aswin, laksda tni (ret) handoko prasetyo rs, major general tni (ret) aqlani maza, major general (ret) djoko besariman, major general (ret) iskandar ali, samuel koto, and former minister of finance fuad bawazier, reformation star party founder djafar badjeber, lawyer elza syarief, widow the, and juice insurence entrepreneur usman sumaruga.

in 17 januaries 2007, he comes chairman dpr-ri great laksono at komplek mpr/dpr, senayan (jakarta). that meeting is beginning step in menyosong president election 2009. he declares the immediacy faces to return with president susilo bambang yudhoyono if nominate to return.

education

national military academy (amn), 1968
opened university, country administration direction, 1995
military law science college, 1996

organization

hanura (people conscience party), head leader
nationality club, national deliberation council chairman
matla’ul anwar, message council chairman
icmi, adviser
soksi, adviser
pssi, builder council chairman
indonesia idea, executive council chairman
ppmi, chairman
village head society and village ware (district public service), builder
bon irigated dry field cafe society, builder council chairman
society spiritual indonesia, builder2)general lieutenant (ret) prabowo subianto djojohadikusumo (born at jakarta,

17 octobers 1951; age 57 year) former danjen kopassus and son-in-law from
former indonesia president soeharto. prabowo presidential nominee in
republic of indonesia president election 2009 from great indonesia movement
party (gerindra).
[edit] individual life

child from begawan indonesia economy, soemitro djojohadikusumo, this will get with titiek prabowo but bercerai after removed the function by president habibie pass former pangab wiranto because person involvement kopassus in kidnapping case amount of activist lsm and infringement ham[1.

[edit] controversy and ham infringement guess

prabowo belong controversial figure in indonesia. in the year 1997, prabowo guessed strong mastermind kidnapping and force removal towards amount of activist, especially activist prd[2. several activists, belong artist widji thukul, still not yet found until now. prabowo self admit to command rose team to execute operation sebut[3. but such, prabowo not yet presided on case until now although rose team member menjebloskan to prison. also absolutely not yet forgive it victims and still then continue their legal effort. prabowo and the colleague, sjafrie syamsuddin, also never fulfil calling komnas ham that out for examine case sebut[4. despitefully, prabowo also chargeable mastermind may disturbance 1998 based on fact search federation team finding. [5. he also stills not yet presided on case. also in may 1998, follow president testimony habibie, prabowo do insubordinasi and cope to move army to around country palace. related times, prabowo then also berpolemik retiredly general wiranto.

at time now, party that be the policies engine, party gerindra, also not get out of controversy, where party general vice president, muchdi homework has just been caught because guessed involved in ham activist murder munir.

[edit] policies career

after leave his the military career is entrepreneur follows the younger brother career hashim djojohadikusumo and also nominate self as presidential nominee from functional group party in konvesi capres functional group 2004. date 5 decembers 2004 he is chosen as head leader hkti beat setiawan jodi and ja'far hafsah[6][7. in may 2008 prabowo incessant come up on television in the form of society service advertisement menyponsori by hkti, a indonesia farmer group that used it as policies engine to pilpres 2009, as organization head leader with message to use product in country. in 9 mays 2008 parties gerindra declare the willing to nominate prabowo be presidential nominee in election 2009 moment they extradite enrollment bundle to come along election 2009 in kpu.

3)letjen tni (ret. ) dr. (hc) h. sutiyoso (born at semarang, 6 decembers 1944; age 64 year) a politicians and former starry indonesia military figure three. he is governor jakarta during two periods, begin 6 octobers 1997 up to 7 octobers 2007, [1 moment he is replaced fauzi bowo, the deputy, memenangi pilkada dki 2007. as governor, sutoyoso figure enough interesting. along two periods is governor, he often invite when roll wisdom. criticism towards publik transport project busway, project pemagaran park at area monas jakarta centre, and amount of another project. in 1 october 2007, he will announce that self will progress as indonesia presidential nominee in president election 2009. [2
[edit] education and background

born at semarang, sutiyoso be child to six from eight bersaudara. he is pair son tjitrodihardjo and sumini. after finished senior high school (sma) at semarang in 1963 and sempat one year lecture at university civil technique direction 17 augusts, he enters national military academy (amn) at magelang. pass in 1968, he is task discursive at military unitary.

sutiyoso get married with setyorini in the year 1974 and favoured with two daughters:

yessy riana melliyanti, get married with yogie code nugraha
renny yosnita ariyanti

[edit] career

period 1988-1992, he holds staff assistant, operation assistant, and general commandant deputy kopassus. the figure begins mencuat moment chosen as best regiment commandant se-indonesia when hold a position staff head kodam glorious in 1994. accomplishment menggenggamnya that is then come along to deliver it in commander function kodam glorious. during be that commander, the name more known especially via programme coffee morning. via programme that spreaded out a month once that, sutiyoso discuse with elders and elite figure in relation to kemanan capital.

the position as commander, then spann road is governor. the leadership style mentioned over and over many imitate former governor ali sadikin.

first period (1997-2002) as governor dki jakarta continues in second period (2002-2007). function other that held by sutiyoso badminton coalitions head leader chairman entire indonesias (pbsi) period 2004 - 2008. he also chosen according to acclamation as head leader orari (indonesia radio amateur organization) for homage time 2006 - 2011.

[edit] as governor

in 15 januaries 2004, he launches mass transport system by the name of bus transjakarta or popularer called busway as part from a city new transportation system. after successful with my corridor, mass transportation is developed to corridors next. he also triggers to develop sisten modern city transportation also soon involve subway and monorail.

existence busway at first defied several sides especially individual vehicle user because decreases one road stripe. besides, stopping places development busway also cause a part trees that reside in road divider is felled. on the other hand, busway greeted good the user because assumed balmier from publik transport of a kind another. bot merely as modern urban affairs transportation tool for mass transport, but also can functioned as city tourism bus. busway that pass by corridor ii go through various central government facilities especially side west state secretariat complex, road mh thamrin, bational monument, public service dki jakarta, former indonesia vice president office, united america embassy, and station gambir.

corridor launching ii that done in 15 januaries 2006 concurrent with corridor iii with harmony area route up to imal kalideres (jakarta west). corridor ii self go through terminal route pulo gadung up to area hamorni (jakarta centre).

begin 4 februaries 2006, he prohibits any person who resides in area dki smoke at just any place. prohibition smokes done at general places, like stopping place, terminal, mall, office complex and other as it. although this program streamlined since 6 aprils 2006 obvious still many people heedless of to prohibit to smoke at just any that places. supervision less accurate and action irresolute from apparatus with the lowly society cognizance towards danger smokes to causes government regulation is to retarded to merealisasikan.

in 22 decembers 2006, he tries stripe busway corridor iv-vii the operation is carried out in 27 januaries 2007.

after merealisasi road expansion mh thamrin, he applies number government regulation application 43 year 1993 especially paragraph 51 article 1 about motor vehicle regulation melaju on the left. motor-cyclist publisher must at left stripe memberlakukan since 8 januaries 2007 at ruas road gatot subroto up to area cawang, road at panjaitan, road mt haryono, road s parman, pioneers of independence road, and road letjen suprapto. besides at that area, pemberlaku motorcycle melaju on the left also appointed at road margoda (depok), road sudirman (tangerang), and road ahmad yani (bekasi).

traffic ticket witness for motorcyclist melaju at column middle and right begin to applied since that also. base obligatory left column for motorcyclist number government regulation 43 year 1993 about infrastructure and road traffic. in chapter viii paragraph 51 article 1 explained customs and manners expires to rush by at road take column left side. besides, because time ujicoba during 13 days since december 2006 that can demote accident case total up to 30,7 percents.

in 9 januaries 2007 found as much as 952 motorcyclist menilang and must pay fine rp 20.000, - up to rp 40.000, - based on session decision in place insident, because proved break left column limit. full scale since 8 januaries 2007 not less 2923 person.

besides motorcyclist restrictions rushes by at area sudirman and road thamrin, also planned to limitted at jakarta motorcycle total.

in 27 januaries 2007, he launches fleet transjakarta for corridor iv, v, vi, and vii. launching programme mempusatkan at komplek glorious fantasy park ancol is attended functioner from also region. group accompaniments that consist several mayors se-jakarta, several artists, and several governors in indonesia. a corridor fleet v sempat shut separator at road intersection matraman great for a few moment when does imprecise bew driver aim the rudder menyururi road as a matter of fact special allocated busway. enthusiastic appear society greets this new fleet presence.

in 17 januaries 2007, he takes number governor regulation 5 year 2007 about begation all bird livestocks at setlement. he gives deadline for member jakarta to remove bird from residence environment in 31 januaries 2007. in 1 february 2007, he goes to amount of area to ascertain there is no again bird that maintained wildly. he ask to society member can give information to operator if the neighbour stills there that take care bird that forbidden to follow governor regulation no 15/2007, that is chicken, duck, entok, duck, goose, pigeon, and bustard. come up with 31 januaries 2007 more than 100.000 bird at setlement has been destroyed by member and operator. , certificate gift has been extradited to more than 80 decoration bird owner percents and chirp. bird certification process continues up to end february 2007.

up to end the function time, his promise is to decreases jam and flood at jakarta can not be filled. this matter stills to be homework for governor jakarta furthermore.

[edit] society service centre

in 2 marches 2007, he opens message service centre short (sms) to accommodate various member complaint jakarta. sms center managed liaison office and protocol pemprov dki made ingredient for governor in repair public service and government apparatus performance at under it. has one way, so that message short that sent a member will not be replied. that service centre number 0811-983899.

[edit] incident sydney

in 29 mays 2007, he is visited policeman new south wales at the hotel room and asked to attend session related to case bunuhnya five foreign correspondent at balibo, timor east in the year 1975. two federal policemans, that is sergeant steve thomas and senior detective constable scrzvens breaks to step into the place hotel room stays at hotel shangri-la, sydney.

on that incident, sutiyoso demand australian government gives clarification and apologize on pelecehan that done australian federal policeman. policeman attitude that break through to come into the place hotel room stays and memaksana signing writ is evaluated unharmonious. even less, he resides in australian as official functioner on official invitation.

in 31 mays 2007, australian ambassador for indonesia, bill farmer, submit request mail sorries from part country prime minister new south wales (nsw), morris iemma.

appreciation

in 15 decembers 2006, he gets appreciation 2006 asian water quality management champion award from clear water initiative for asian cities (cai) cooperate with republic of indonesia environment ministry and special local government yogyakarta on the accomplishment for bus development brainchild rapid transit (brt) biggest at asia passes busway publication perda no. 2 year 2005 about air control of contamination.

air quality management hero degree at asia is given with deliberation success in develop general accountant transjakarta (busway) that decrease motor vehicle gas emission at jakarta. general facilities formation busway imitate bus system rapid transportation (brt) at bogota (kolombia) and be only provinsi in indonesia that has by law about air control of contamination (perda no 2/2005).

similar appreciation is given to environment departement pollution control director-general thailand supat wangsongwatana, swed international development agreement body environment senior observer sara stenhammar, and a judge at lahore (pakistan) hamid ali shah.

4)jend. tni (ret. ) dr. h. susilo bambang yudhoyono
susilo bambang yudhoyono
indonesia president ke-6
is holding
begin to hold a position
20 octobers 2004
vice president jusuf kalla
pioneer megawati soekarnoputri
born 9 septembers 1949 (ages 59)
tremas, arjosari, pacitan, east java, indonesia
democrat policies party
husband/wife ani yudhoyono
islam religion

jend. tni ret. dr. h. susilo bambang yudhoyono (born at tremas, arjosari, pacitan, east java, indonesia, 9 septembers 1949; age 59 year) retired indonesia military general and indonesia president ke-6 chosen in general election directly by people first time. yudhoyono win in september president election 2004 pass two president election stages on president candidate megawati sukarnoputri. he begins to hold a position in 20 octobers 2004 with jusuf kalla as vice president.

yudhoyono that called sus by the old person and popular with calling sby, let pass a part tender age and the adolescent at pacitan. pass constitution amendment 1945 that make possible president is chosen directly by people, he is then chosen be people choice first republic of indonesia president. he is sixth indonesia president after is inaugurated in 20 octobers 2004 with vice president jusuf kalla. the military career delayed when is he lifted president abdurrahman one as minister of mines and energy in the year 1999 and come up as one of the democrat founder. latest rank susilo bambang yudhoyono general tni before pension in 25 septembers 2000. during at military more knowledgeable as bambang yudhoyono.

the voice superiority from previous president, megawati soekarnoputri in election 2004 make it chosen as indonesia president. in the individual life, he gets with kristiani herawati that be general third woman child (ret) sarwo edhi wibowo (alm), commandant rpkad (now kopassus) that join in to help to quell indonesia communist party (pki) in the year 1965.

background and family
president susilo bambang yudhoyono

he borns at regency pacitan, east java in 9 septembers 1949 from pair child raden soekotjo and siti habibah. from the father, the geneology traceable up to prince buwono rivet from kingdom majapahit with rm. kusti that be the breed bandoro pretty (daughter sri sultan hamengkubuwono iii.

like the father, he is even also splash at world kemiliteran. besides live in family residence at bogor (java west), sby also live in independent palace, jakarta. susilo bambang yudhoyono get married with kristiani herawati that general third woman child (retired) sarwo edhi wibowo (alm). general military commandant sarwo edhi wibowo join in to help to quell pki (indonesia communist party) in the year 1965. from their wedding borns two man childs, that is agus harimurti yudhoyono (born 1979) and edhie baskoro yudhoyono (born 1982).

agus graduate sma archipelago stripling year 1997 and indonesia military academy year 2000. like the father, he also gets appreciation adhi mekayasa and a soldiers with first lieutenant rank tni army that have a duty at a infantry battalion at bandung, west java. agus married anissa larasati pohan, a actress also child from former indonesia bank governor deputy. since mid 2005, agus endure education for degree master- at strategic studies at institute of defense and strategic studies, singapore. child the youngest in the family, edhie baskoro pass with double degree in financial commerce and electrical commerce year 2005 from curtin university of technology at perth, australian west.

[edit] education

armed forces academy ri (akabri) year 1973
american language course, lackland, texas axis, 1976
airbone and ranger course, fort benning, axis, 1976
infantry officer advanced course, fort benning, axis, 1982-1983
on the job training at 82-nd airbone memvision, fort bragg, axis, 1983
jungle warfare school, panama, 1983
weapon course antitank at belgium and german, 1984
battalion command course, 1985
army command school, 1988-1989
command and general staff college, fort leavenwort, kansas, axis
master of art (ma) from management webster university, missouri, axis
doctor in the field of agricultural economy from agriculture institute bogor (ipb), year 2004.

[edit] military career

year 1973, he graduates from indonesia military academy (akabri: republic of indonesia armed forces with appreciation adhi makayasa as best graduate pupil and tri magic wiratama that be way of thinking federation highest accomplishment, physical, and intellect. period 1974-1976, he begins career at and tonpan yonif linud 330 kostrad. in the year 1976, he learns at airborne school and us army rangers, american language course (lackland-texas), airbone and ranger course (fort benning) united america.

the career continues in period 1976-1977 at and tonpan yonif 305 kostrad, and tn mo 81 yonif linud 330 kostrad (1977), pasi-2/ops mabrigif linud 17 my cleavers is kostrad (1977-1978, and kipan yonif linud 330 kostrad (1979-1981, paban young sops suad (1981-1982. period 1982-1984, he learns at infantry officer advanced course (fort benning) united america.

year 1983, he learns in on the job training in 82-nd airbone memvision (fort bragg) united america, jungle warfare school (panama, weapon course antitank at belgium and german in the year 1984, battalion command course (1985) and walk career at infantry instructor school commandant (1983-1985), and yonif 744 dams ix/udayana (1986-1988), and paban madyalat sops dam ix/udayana (1988).

period 1998-1989, he is army command school and learn at us command and general staff college in the year 1991. period (1989-1993), he works as lecturer seskoad korspri pangab, and brigif linud 17 cleavers 1 kostrad (1993-1994, asops kodam glorious (1994-1995) and danrem 072/final kodam iv/memponegoro (1995) with chief military observer united nation peace forces (unpf) at bosnia-herzegovina (1995-1996). in the year 1997, he is lifted as armed forces head and social affair staff and policies. he is pension from kemiliteran in 1 april 2001 by because the appointment as minister.

graduate command and general staff college (fort leavenwort) kansas united america and master of art (ma) from management webster university missouri this also walk career at kasdam glorious (1996), and pangdam ii/sriwijaya all at once chairman bakorstanasda. the military career delayed as territorial staff head (kaster indonesian armed forces) with general rank.

[edit] policies career

come up as faction spokesman indonesian armed forces approach general meeting mpr 1998 that carried out in 9 marches 1998 and faction chairman indonesian armed forces mpr in special session mpr 1998. in 29 octobers 1999, he is lifted as minister of mines and energy at president leadership government abdurrahman one. one year then, precisely 26 octobers 1999, he is inaugurated as policies coordinator minister, social, and security (menko polsoskam) as cabinet rearrangement consequence abdurrahman one.

with out it president announcement in 28 mays 2001 blows 12.00 wib, menko polsoskam assigned to take special steps overcomes crisis, maintained orderliness, security, and law as soon as possible cause emergency policies situation that is faced government leadership. moment that, menko polsoskam as the authorized one translates emergency policies situation unlike emergency as existing in number law 23 year 1959.

not yet even one year hold a position menko polsoskam or five days after hold mandate, he is pushed to retreat in 1 june 2001 by mandator because policies strains between president abdurrahman one and dpr. successor function as ministry of home affairs or minister of communication on the market president never accepted it.

cabinet gotong royong president leadership megawati soekarnoputri inaugurate it as policies area coordinator minister and security (menko polkam) in 10 augusts 2001. felt not trusted again by president, function menko polkam meninggalkannya in 11 marches 2004. stand it democrat in 9 septembers 2002 strengthen the name to achieve kerier top policies. when does democrat mendeklarasikan in 17 octobers 2002, the name is nominated to be president in president election 2004.

after postpone self from function menko polkam and in line with legislative election campaign time 2004, he is officially stay in democrat corridor. the existence in democrat reaps successful in legislative election with reachess 7,45 voice percents. in 10 mays 2004, three policies parties that is democrat, justice party and indonesia coalitions, and crescent moon and star party officially nominate it as president and berpasangan with vice president candidate jusuf kalla.

[edit] career summary
susilo bambang yudhoyono

and tonpan yonif linud 330 kostrad (1974-1976)
and tonpan yonif 305 kostrad (1976-1977)
and tn mo 81 yonif linud 330 kostrad (1977)
pasi-2/ops mabrigif linud 17 my cleavers is kostrad (1977-1978)
and kipan yonif linud 330 kostrad (1979-1981)
paban young sops suad (1981-1982)
infantry instructor school commandant (1983-1985)
and yonif 744 dams ix/udayana (1986-1988)
paban madyalat sops dam ix/udayana (1988)
lecturer seskoad (1989-1992)
korspri pangab (1993)
and brigif linud 17 cleavers 1 kostrad (1993-1994)
asops kodam glorious (1994-1995)
danrem 072/final kodam iv/memponegoro (1995)
chief military observer united nation peace forces (unpf) at bosnia-herzegovina (since beginning november 1995)
kasdam glorious (1996-ha five month)s
pangdam ii/sriwijaya (1996-) all at once chairman bakorstanasda
faction chairman indonesian armed forces mpr (special session mpr 1998)
territorial staff head (kaster indonesian armed forces (1998-1999)
mentamben (since 26 octobers 1999)
menko polsoskam (pemer in 15 decembers 2005, he gets honour docktorate at politics area from university thammasat bangkok (thailand). in degree gift speech, he confirms that policies is art for change and transformation in a democratic country peace. he not sure thoroughly if that policies science.

[edit] appreciation

tri magic wiratama (physical way of thinking federation highest accomplishment, and intellect), 1973
adhi makayasa (best graduate akabri 1973)
lotus badge of loyality, 1976
honorarium graduate ioac, usa, 1983
badge of loyality dwija sista, 1985
best graduate seskoad susreg xxvi, 1989
best lecturer seskoad, 1989
badge of loyality santi dharma, 1996
badge of loyality united nations peacekeeping force (unpf), 1996
badge of loyality united nations transitional authority in eastern slavonia, baranja, and western sirmium (untaes), 1996
star kartika eka pivot nararya, 1998
war star dharma nararya, 1998
wing aviator tni-au, 1998
wing submarine tni-al, 1998
star kartika eka pivot pratama, 1999
war star dharma pratama, 1999
star dharma, 1999
star very putera principal, 1999
figure speaks best tongue, 2003
asia star (star of asia), 2005, by businessweek
civilian decoration darjah family laila principal, 2006, by sultan brunei
doctor honoris causa, 2006, by univer

[edit] presidency time

mpr period 1999-2004 mengamandemen constitution 1945 constitutions 1945 so that make possible president and vice president is chosen directly by people. president election two stages then memenanginya with 60,9 voter voice percents and chosen as president. he is then registerred as people choice first chosen president and come up as sixth indonesia president after is inaugurated in 20 octobers 2004 with vice president jusuf kalla. he is superior from president pair megawati soekarnoputri-hasyim muzadi in election 2004.

collusion, corruption, and nepotism (kkn) as important priority in the leadership besides global terrorism case. drug danger tackling, gambling, and also as heavy burden that want hard work with leadership and people.

at the function time, indonesia experiences amount of batural disaster likes wave tsunami, earthquake, etc. all this be addition challenge for president that still to wrestle with efforts restores political economy life and people welfare.

susilo bambang yudhoyono also form ukp3r, a presidency institution that presided at by marsilam simandjuntak in 26 octobers 2006. this institution is in the early the formation gets tentangan from functional group party along with rumors not melibatkannya vice president jusuf kalla in the formation with rumors membentuknya ukp3r to cut vice president authority, but final accepted after sby self explain it in a press explanation. [1

[edit] service sms president

around june month 2005, president sby begin message service short (sms) to the cellular telephone number at 0811109949 but the day after happen technical disturbance because quantity sms that enters and now being replaced enough with sms to 9949 afterwards sms mempilah and submitted to president. number 9949 date borns him (9 septembers 1949).

date 28 junes 2005, president sby send sms to society by the name of president sender ri containing about drug prevention. truth sms this mengonfirmasikan and president spokesman will declare various sms will follow.

[edit] to see also

indonesia president list

[edit] pranala outside
wikiquote has quotation collection related to:
susilo bambang yudhoyono
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writer: susilo bambang yudhoyono

(id) official site
(id) election campaign site sby-kalla
(id) susilo bambang yudhoyono at indonesia figure

policies function